Introduction
Dementia is a progressive neurological disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, often leading to significant cognitive and behavioral decline. As researchers seek non-invasive and accessible interventions, photobiomodulation (PBM) has gained attention for its potential to improve brain function through the delivery of low-level light. A 2019 pilot study published in Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery investigated the effects of home-based PBM treatments on cognition, behavior, and brain connectivity in patients with dementia.
The Intervention
The study involved two groups: a Usual Care (UC) group that maintained their routine activities for 12 weeks, and a Photobiomodulation (PBM) group that underwent at-home PBM sessions using the Vielight Neuro Gamma device. Participants in the PBM group received 20-minute treatments three times per week for 12 weeks. The device emitted near-infrared light at a wavelength of 810 nm with a pulsed frequency of 40 Hz. Each session delivered a total of 240 joules of energy, combining transcranial and intranasal applications.
Key Results
- Cognitive and neuropsychiatric benefits were observed in the PBM group, including improvements in standardized scores for cognitive function (ADAS-cog) and behavioral symptoms (NPI). In contrast, the UC group experienced a decline in both areas.
- Cerebral perfusion and connectivity improved in the PBM group, especially in areas associated with the default mode network, such as increased connections between the posterior cingulate cortex and lateral parietal regions.
- Safety and feasibility: The home-based PBM protocol was well-tolerated, and no adverse effects were reported.
Conclusions
The authors concluded that intranasal and transcranial PBM may serve as a safe and practical home-based intervention for individuals with dementia. Although limited by its small sample size and lack of a placebo group, the study’s preliminary findings highlight the potential of PBM to support cognitive and behavioral function in dementia care. Future studies with larger cohorts and rigorous diagnostic confirmation are warranted.
Reference: Chao LL. Effects of Home Photobiomodulation Treatments on Cognitive and Behavioral Function, Cerebral Perfusion, and Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Patients with Dementia: A Pilot Trial. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2019; 37(3):133-141. doi: 10.1089/photob.2018.4555.